In this section, intervention approaches such as (i) Behavioural Parent Training (ii) Antecedent-based Strategies (iii) Consequence-based components (see Table 1). 

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1. Outcomes/Effectiveness

2. Maintenance of Effectiveness

3. Relevance to the Context in Singapore

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It is also important to note that Nathan, Stuart, & Dolan (2000) previously differentiated between the terms efficacy and effectiveness. However, as the differentiation between efficacy and effectiveness is beyond the scope of our research, effectiveness would be used as a term to represent the outcomes of the intervention –a significant reduction in problem behaviour and/or an increase in the usage of appropriate behaviour.

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In conclusion, in view of the robust evidence on the effectiveness of BPT and its well-established  relevance in Singapore's context, clinicians and psychologists are strongly recommended to consider BPT as a first-line treatment over the usage of pharmacological medication for preschool age children with ADHD. Nonetheless, as research on Antecedent-based Interventions, Consequent-based Interventions and Self-Management demonstrate promising results, educators in schools can consider using the above-mentioned strategies in their classrooms.